Egypt: Doing business & staying in touch

Business culture in Egypt is generally formal, hierarchical and relationship-driven. First meetings tend to focus on establishing trust and personal rapport before moving on to substantive discussion. Handshakes are the standard greeting, often accompanied by polite conversation about family, health or general well-being. Titles and seniority matter, and it is important to address the most senior person first. Business cards are commonly exchanged and should be offered and received with the right hand or both hands.

Meetings may not always begin on time, particularly in larger cities, but punctuality from visitors is still appreciated and seen as a sign of professionalism. Decision-making can be slow, as it often rests with senior management rather than being delegated. Patience is essential, and overt pressure is unlikely to be well received. Dress codes are conservative: men typically wear suits and ties, while women should wear professional attire that covers the shoulders and knees. Modesty and neat presentation are important, even in less formal business settings.

Communication in Egyptian business culture tends to be courteous and indirect. Open confrontation or public criticism is avoided, as maintaining dignity and mutual respect is highly valued. Negotiations may involve repeated discussions and a degree of flexibility, and verbal agreements often precede formal contracts. Hospitality plays an important role, and offers of tea or coffee are a routine part of meetings and should be accepted. Building long-term relationships, rather than focusing solely on immediate outcomes, is often the key to successful business dealings in Egypt.